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Objective To investigate the protective effects of cimetidine on rats with low dose rate (LDR) 60Co γ-ray cumulative irradiation. Methods Sixty male SD rats (6-8 weeks old) were randomized into 6 groups (10 each): normal control group, model group, positive control group (89.0 mg/kg lentinan), low-dose cimetidine group (23.3 mg/kg cimetidine), medium-dose cimetidine group (70.0 mg/kg cimetidine), and high-dose cimetidine group (210.0 mg/kg cimetidine). Except for rats in normal control group, the rest rats were irradiated with 60Coγ-ray to a cumulative dose of 0.5 Gy with a dose rate of 3.228 mGy/ h. Twenty-four hours after the last irradiation, peripheral blood cells, bone marrow DNA content, frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (fMNPCE), bone marrow nucleated cells, sperm count, testis HE, sex hormones, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GPx), catalase (CAT) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured. Results Compared with normal control group, in model group, WBC, lymphocyte and granulocyte content, bone marrow DNA content and the number of nucleated cells significantly decreased (P<0.05), but fMNPCE increased significantly (P<0.01). In addition, sperm count, testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels significantly reduced (P<0.05 or P<0.01), estradiol (E2) levels significantly increased (P<0.05), SOD, GPx and CAT activities significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and MDA levels significantly increased (P<0.01). Rat models were established successfully. Compared with model group, in positive control group, the bone marrow DNA content and T content significantly increased (P<0.05), antioxidant enzyme activity of SOD, GPx and CAT significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the contents of fMNPCE, MDA and E2 significantly reduced (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In the cimetidine-treated groups, the blood lymphocyte number and bone marrow DNA content significantly increased (P<0.01), the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GPx, T, FSH and LH increased, and the content of fMNPCE, E2 and MDA decreased, the damage of testicular tissue structure decreased (P<0.05), and the number of sperm increased, but there has no statistic significance. Conclusion Cimetidine, as a potential radiation protection drugs, could effectively improve the rat injury with low-dose-rate 60Coγ-ray cumulative irradiation.
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OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of cimetidine on low dose rate irradiation-induced liver cell apoptosis in Beagle dogs. METHODS： Healthy male Beagle dogs were randomly divided into normal control group， model control group， positive drug group （lentinan， 21.33 mg/kg） and cimetidine low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （5.33， 10.67， 21.33 mg/kg）， with 4 Beagle dogs each. Except for normal control group， other groups were given 60Co-γ accumulative irradiation （dosage rate： 0.040 8 mGy/min） for 23 d； the medication groups were given relevant medicine orally before irradiation， once a day. Twenty-four hours after stopping irradiation， TUNEL method was used to detect the apoptosis of liver cells in Beagle dogs. The percentage of apoptotic cells was calculated. The expression level of apoptosis-related proteins （Bax， Bcl-2， Caspase-3， p53） in liver tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： Compared with normal control group， apoptotic cells and Bax， Caspase-3， p53 positive cells were increased significantly in liver tissue of Beagle dogs in model control group； the percentage of apoptotic cells， protein expression levels of Bax， Caspase-3 and p53 were increased significantly； Bcl-2 positive cells were decreased significantly， and its protein expression level was decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model control group， above positive cells of liver tissue in Beagle dogs were changed to different extents in medication groups； the percentage of apoptotic cells and protein expression levels of p53 in medication groups， protein expression levels of Bax in positive drug group， cimetidine low-dose and high-dose groups as well as protein expression levels of Caspase-3 in cimetidine groups were decreased significantly； protein expression levels of Bcl-2 were increased significantly in cimetidine groups. The percentage of apoptotic cells in cimetidine medium-dose and high-dose groups as well as protein expression levels of Caspase-3 in cimetidine groups were all lower than positive control group. Protein expression level of p53 in cimetidine low-dose group was significantly higher than positive drug group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： Cimetidine can inhibit the low dose rate irradiation-induced apoptosis of liver cells in Beagle dogs， and certainly protect liver cells against irradiation. The mechanism of it may be associated with up-regulating the protein expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulating the protein expression of Bax， Caspase-3 and p53 in liver cells.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of cimetidine on the histopathology and the expression of SOD2, GPX1 gene and protein in low-dose accumulative irradiated Beagle dogs spleen and to investigate the mechanism of cimetidine′s protective effect on low-dose accumulative irradiation. METHODS: Twenty-four male Beagle dogs were divided into six groups: normal control group,model group,positive drug control group and cimetidine groups at the dose of 5.33, 10.67, 21.33 mg•kg-1 respectively. The dogs were irradiated with 60Co-γ-ray at 0.040 8 mGy•min-1 rate for 23 d. Cimitidine was administered intragastrically during irradiation, once a day. Microscope was adopted to observe the pathologic change of spleen and the expression levels of SOD2,GPX1 gene and protein in the spleen tissue of dogs were detected by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry techniques. RESULTS: Compared with the model group,cimetidine ameliorated the pathological changes and ultrastructure lesions in the spleen of dogs. Also compared with the model group, the levels of SOD2 and GPX1 protein in cimetidine groups at the dose of 5.33, 10.67, 21.33 mg•kg-1 were higher(P<0.05) and the levels of SOD2 and GPX1 mRNA of the three cimetidine groups were increased significantly(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Cimetidine can reduce the histological damage. Cimetidine can upregulate the expressions of SOD2 and GPX1 gene and protein and it has good protective effect on the antioxidant system injury.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of cimetidine (CMTD) on rats irradiated with 60Co γ-rays at low dose rate.METHODS: Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, positive drug group, CMTD groups.The mice were irradiated with 60Co γ rays and an absorbed dose was 0.3 Gy, and the dose rate was 3.228 mGy•h-1. Twenty-four hours after irradiation, white blood cells, bone marrow DNA content, bone marrow polynuclear erythrocyte micronucleus rate (fMNPCE), sperm motility and sex hormones were detected. RESULTS When the cumulative absorbed dose was 0.3 Gy, the peripheral blood cells and bone marrow DNA content decreased significantly, fMNPCE increased significantly, and the sperm motility, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels reduced while the level of estradiol increased. Cimetidine not only could effectively increase the number of white blood cells, bone marrow DNA content, the level of FSH and LH but also reduce fMNPCE and the level of estradiol. CONCLUSION: CMTD could reduce the DNA damage which caused by 0.3 Gy cumulative irradiation, regulate sex hormone disturbance, and effectively improve hematopoietic function and reproductive function of irradiated rats.All RESULTS: shows that CMTD might be a good radioprotector.
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Cimetidine is an H2 receptor antagonist that has an antiandrogenic effect. It intervenes with the conversion of testosterone into estrogen in the Sertoli cells with accompanying testicular structural changes. In the present study, the microscopic and the ultrastructural changes induced by cimetidine and the effect of vitamin B12 as a protective agent on rat testes were studied. Immunoexpression of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in testes was evaluated. Twenty-four adult male rats were divided into four groups: control, cimetidine-treated, vitamin B12 treated, and combined cimetidine and vitamin B12 treated. The experimental rats were administered with cimetidine and/or vitamin B12 for 52 days. Group II rats showed marked atrophy of the seminiferous tubules with a significant increase in tubular diameter and decrease in the tubular luminal and epithelial areas. Ultrastructure of this group showed irregular Sertoli cells with basal cytoplasmic vacuolation and significantly thickened basement membrane. ERβ immunoexpression was similar to controls. Group III rats showed near normal seminiferous tubular structures with minimal cellular alterations and the immunoreactivity of the testicular sections was very close to normal. However, group IV rats showed markedly immunopositive detached cells, spermatids, and primary spermatocytes. Cimetidine interferes with the control of spermatogenesis as evidenced by microscopic and ultrastructural studies and affection of ERβ receptors and vitamin B12 has a protective action against this harmful effect.
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Adult , Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Basement Membrane , Cimetidine , Cytoplasm , Estrogens , Phenobarbital , Seminiferous Epithelium , Seminiferous Tubules , Sertoli Cells , Spermatids , Spermatocytes , Spermatogenesis , Testis , Testosterone , Vitamin B 12 , VitaminsABSTRACT
Objective To discuss the efficacy ofcimetidine combined with acyclovir in treatment of children with varicella.Methods 80 cases ofvaricella were randomly divided into two groups.The observation group (40 cases) was treated with cimetidine combined with acyclovir treatment.The control group (40 cases) was given the acyclovir.Observe and record the two groups of children with clinical efficacy,fever time,rash scab,itching disappeared time after treatment,before and after treatment during the HAMA score and the treatment of adverse reactions.The clinical curative effect of cimetidine combined with acyclovir in treatment of children with varicella was evaluated.Results The observation group of total effective rate was 87.5％.The control group of total effective rate was 65％.The total effective rate of observation group was higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the fever time,skin rash,scab time and pruritus disappeared in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,there was no statistical difference in HAMA scores between the two groups.After treatment,the scores of HAMA in the two groups were significantly lower than those in the same group before and after treatment (P ＜ 0.05),and the treatment group was significantly lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups during the treatment.Conclusion Cimetidine combined with acyclovir have a good therapeutic effect on varicella.They can rapidly improve the clinical symptoms of pediatric varicella,reduce anxiety with high safety.It is worthy of clinical use.
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The H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine is an antiulcer drug also used for the treatment of cancer due to its antiangiogenic effect. However, this drug has caused structural changes in the seminiferous tubules. Vitamin B12 has been used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of male infertility. The supplementation of rats with Vitamin B12 during cimetidine treatment has recovered the damaged seminiferous tubules, but how this vitamin restores the seminiferous epithelium has not been clarified. In this study, we evaluated whether Vitamin B12 improves the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and sperm concentration in cimetidine-treated rats. Adult male rats were treated for 50 days as follows: cimetidine group received 100 mg kg-1 b.w. of cimetidine, cimetidine-B12 group received cimetidine and 3 μg of Vitamin B12-hydroxocobalamin, B12 group received only 3 μg of vitamin, and control group received saline. Sperm concentration was calculated and historesin-embedded testes sections were used for the quantitative analyses of spermatogonia (A; In/B) and spermatocytes. TUNEL method and PCNA immunofluorescence were performed. Cimetidine caused a significant reduction in sperm concentration. TUNEL-positive spermatogonia and spermatocytes were correlated to a significant reduction in the number of these cells. In cimetidine-B12 group, sperm concentration was higher than cimetidine group and a significant increase in the number of spermatogonia (stages II-VI) was correlated to a high incidence of PCNA-immunolabeled spermatogonia and spermatocytes. The results show that the supplementation of rats with Vitamin B12 during cimetidine treatment increases sperm concentration and exerts a potential effect in the recovery of spermatogonia and spermatocytes.
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Objects To study the protective effects of cimetidine against oxidative stress in rats induced by cumulative low-dose irradiation.Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (10 each):normal control group,model control group,lentinan group [89mg/(kg.d)] and 3 dose groups of cimetidine.After oral administration,all the rats were exposed to γ-ray irradiation 8 hours/day for 12 days,and sacrificed on the 13th day.The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GPx),catalase (CAT) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum,liver,thymus and spleen were determined.By using the superoxide anion radical system,hydroxyl radical system,H2O2 radical system,oxidation system of linoleic acid induced by alkane radical system and diphenyl picryl hydrazinyl radical (DPPH) radical system,the antioxidation activities of cimetidine were detected.Results The activities of SOD in liver and thymus decreased significantly,the GPx activity in serum,liver and spleen decreased significantly and MDA level in serum,liver and spleen increased significantly after 0.3Gy cumulative ionizing radiation.Cimetidine enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes in serum and organs,and reduced the MDA level.In a certain concentration range,cimetidine had different scavenging effects onto these radical systems,and showed good performance in hydroxyl radical.Conclusion Cimetidine can effectively ameliorate the oxidative stress from low-dose cumulative irradiation by scavenging free radicals,increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduce the content of lipid peroxidation products,thus presents a potential radio protective effect.
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Objective To observe the clinical effect of albendazole combined with cimetidine in the treatment of hepatic hydatid disease.Methods 60 cases with liver hydatid disease from 2010 to 2014 wrer selected,and they were randomly divided into two groups,30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with albendazole tablets,2 times daily,2 capsules/time.The treatment group was intravenously injected cimetidine based on the treatment of the control group.Before and after treatment,the ultrasound imaging changes and clinical effect were observed.Results In the control group,the total effective rate was 83.33%(25 /30).In the treatment group, the total effective rate was 96.67%(29 /30).The total effective rate between the two groups had statistically signifi-cant difference(χ2 =9.842,P <0.01).Conclusion Albendazole combined with cimetidine in treatment of hepatic hydatid disease has good curative effect,which can be viewed as first choice in the treatment of hydatid disease.
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Objective:To evaluate the rationality of drug use in the children with rotavirus enteritis by the children drug utilization index ( cDUI) . Methods:A retrospective analysis was used to investigate the cDUI, DDDs and rationality of cimetidine, saccharomy-ces boulardiiand and ganciclovir used in 78 children with rotavirus enteritis. Results and Conclusion: The value order of DDDs was saccharomyces boulardii>cimetidine >ganciclovir. Moreover, the dosage of cimetidine and saccharomyces boulardii was relatively high, while that of ganciclovir was basically rational.
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Objective To explore the efficacy and adverse reaction of combined application of omeprazole and antibiotics in treatment of peptic ulcer.Methods 92 peptic ulcer patients in our hospital from 2013 March to 2014 March were selected.According to treatment methods,they were divided into the observation group and control group,46 cases in each group.The control group was given cimetidine,amoxicillin metronidazole treatment;the observation group was given omeprazole,amoxicillin and metronidazole treatment.The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groups were analyzed.Results The clinical efficacy of the observation group after treatment was 93.48 ％,which was significantly higher than 78.26％ of the control group (x2 =8.930,P ＜ 0.05).The abdominal distention,stomach burning sensation grades of the observation group were significantly better than the control group (t =7.42,8.03,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The combined application of omeprazole and antibiotics has obvious effect in treatment of ulcer disease,and it is safe and reliable,which is worthy of clinical application.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of omeprazole and cimetidine in the prophylaxis of stress ulcer bleeding to provide evidence for clinical therapy in China. Methods:The randomized controlled trials were searched in PubMed, Medline, CNKI, Wan-fang and Vip database with the key words of omeprazole, cimetidine and stress ulcer. Two evaluators assessed the quality and reviewed the data independently. RevMan 5. 2 software was used for Meta-analysis. Results:Seventeen randomized controlled trials were includ-ed involving 892 patients for omeprazole group and 888 patients for cimetidine group. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the difference between the two groups after the treatment was statistically significant by comparing the incidence of stress ulcer bleeding (OR=0. 23,95% CI:0. 17-0. 32;P<0. 000 01). The incidence of stress ulcer bleeding of omeprazole group was significantly lower than that of cimetidine group. Conclusion:Existing literature analysis shows that omeprazole is more effective than cimetidine in the stress ulcer bleeding prophylaxis.
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The serum prolactin levels of eighteen normal rabbits are measured by using method of RIA. The values before drug treatment are taken as the control values of each group. Prolactin levels after 15, 30 and 45 minutes of i.v. Ranitidine treated group, when compared to its own control values, are not significantly raised whereas those levels after i.v. cimetidine are raised significantly in the paired t-test. Prolactin levels of i.v.cimetidine group , when compared with iv ranitidine group by unpaired t-test, are significantly raised [t = 2.737, 4.215 and 2.834 at 10,15, 45 minutes intervals respectively, at 10 degree of freedom, (p < 0.05)]. In the comparison between i.v. cimetidine and i.v. cimetidine pretreated with i.v. diphenhydramine groups (by unpaired t- test), presence of diphenhydramine HCl can cause statistically significant reduction at 30,45 minutes (at 10 degree of freedom. t- 2.666 and 2.440 respectively, (p < 0.05). The result shows that i.v.cimetidine can significantly liberate prolactin from the Ant. Pituitary, unlike i.v. ranitidine. Central H1 and H2 receptors contribute in prolactin secretion.
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Administration, Intravenous , Animals , Cimetidine/administration & dosage , Receptors, Histamine H1/administration & dosage , Receptors, Histamine H2/administration & dosage , Prolactin/analysis , Prolactin/blood , Prolactin/metabolism , Rabbits , Ranitidine/administration & dosageABSTRACT
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a proteção gástrica do extrato hidroalcoólico da semente de girassol (EHSG) em relaçãoao estresse, ao uso de indometacina e etanol. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo experimental envolvendo 90 ratas (Rattus norvegicus albinus), da linhagem Wistar, fêmeas, com peso corporal médio de 150-230 g, divididos em 18 grupos distintos os quais receberam os seguintes tratamentos: EHSG:250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg e 2000 mg/kg; etanol 0,5mL; cimetidina 60 mg/kg; indometacina 20 mg/kg; água 1 mL. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o programa Grand PadPrism 5 com aplicação de testes estatísticos considerando o nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: O EHSG apresenta proteção contra as lesões gástricas em ratas, nas doses de 250 e 1000 mg, tanto no modelo pelo estresse, quanto na indução por etanol e indometacina. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados obtidos no presente estudo mostram que o EHSG apresenta proteção gástrica em determinadas doses.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the gastric protection hidroalcoólico extract the sunflower seed (EHSG) in relation to stress, the use of indomethacin and ethanol. METHOD: We conducted an experimental study involving 90 rats (Rattus norvegicus albinos), Wistar, females, mean body weight of 150-230 g were divided into 18 distinct groups which received the following treatments: EHSG: 250mg/kg , 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg; 0.5 mL ethanol, cimetidine 60 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg indomethacin; 1 mL water. Data were analyzed using the GrandPad Prism 5 with application of statistical tests, the significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The EHSG has protective against gastric injury in rats at doses 250 mg and 1000, both in the model by stress, as in the induction by ethanol and indomethacin. CONCLUSION: The data obtained in this study show that has EHSG gastric protection in certain doses.
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Animals , Female , Rats , Cimetidine/adverse effects , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Helianthus , Indomethacin/adverse effects , Seeds , Stomach Ulcer/therapy , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Cimetidine is the selective H2 receptor antagonist and inhibits the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. In the present study, simple titrimetric method was developed. Respective quantities of Cimetidine were taken in aqueous methanol and acetic acid titrated against 0.1N hydrochloric acid and 0.1N perchloric acid using methyl orange and crystal violet as indicators for neutralization and non-aqueous titrations. All the titrations are carried out by running simultaneous blank determinations. The final titer values are subtracted from blank to get actual amount of acid consumed was determined. These methods were found to be sensitive and inexpensive, do not require any sample processing steps and can be utilized for estimation of cimetidine in bulk and formulations.
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Inter-individual pharmacokinetic variation of H2-receptor antagonist is related to genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19. We investigated the frequency of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism and the treatment duration of cimetidine by CYP2C19 genotypes in functional dyspeptic patients without definite causes who were treated with cimetidine in Korea. One hundred subjects with functional dyspepsia participated in this study from March 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011. They were tested by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and treated for their dyspepsia with cimetidine. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYP2C19 were genotyped using the Seeplex CYP2C19 ACE Genotyping system. There were no significant differences in the demographic, clinical, or laboratory findings among the CYP2C19 subgroups which are wild type homozygote (W/W), heterozygote (W/V), and variant homozygote (V/V). The frequencies of CYP2C19 subgroups were 33 (33%) in W/W, 49 (49%) in W/V, and 18 (18%) in V/V, respectively. The mean duration of cimetidine treatment (in weeks) was the shortest in the V/V among the CYP2C19 genotypes (W/W: 5.1+/-1.5, W/V: 4.0+/-1.7, V/V: 2.1+/-0.7; p<0.001). This study can also act as a basis for further investigation to identify the underlying genetic, epigenetic, or environmental factors in CYP2C19 enzyme activity.
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Humans , Cimetidine , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System , Cytochromes , Dyspepsia , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Epigenomics , Genotype , Heterozygote , Homozygote , Korea , Polymorphism, Genetic , Polymorphism, Single NucleotideABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effective treatment in children of abdominal allergicpurpura.Methods To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 54 children with abdominal allergicpurpura.54 cases were divided into three groups.Each 18 cases in group Ⅰ,groupⅡ,and group Ⅲ.It was used large doses of methylprednisolone in the group Ⅰ,ranitidine in the groupⅡ,and cimetidine in the groupⅢ,based on conventional treatment.To analyze the effect and adverse effect after the treatment.Results The effect of groupⅠ,and groupⅡ,was significantly higher than group Ⅲ(t=11.775,8.901,7.613,5.786,10.105,12.347,all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between groupⅠ,and group Ⅱ(P＞0.05).The adverse effect of groupⅠ,was significantly higher than the other groups(x2=4.500,5.017,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The treatment of hormone had obvious effect in children with abdominal allergicpurpura,but it had some risks in the gastrointestinal,so we should close observe the gastrointestinal tract in children.Ranitidine and cimetidine are the drugs of inhibiting gastric acid secretion,but the ranitidine much better than cimetidine.
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JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Antagonistas de receptor de histamina apresentam efeitos sobre a dor. Antagonistas de receptor H1 apresentam efeito analgésico local, o papel de antagonistas de receptor H2 sobre a dor no sistema nervoso periférico ainda não está claro. Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes antagonistas H2 sobre a dor induzida pela administração de formalina na pata de ratos.MÉTODO: Foram estudados ratos machos divididos em grupos que receberam formalina na pata e diferentes antagonistas de receptor H2 - ranitidina, cimetidina e loxtidina, injetados na pata em diferentes concentrações (0,05 µmol, 0,25 µmol ou 1 µmol). Foi avaliado o número de elevações da pata pelo período de 45 minutos.RESULTADOS: A loxtidina inibiu o número de elevações da pata nas duas fases do teste a partir das três concentrações utilizadas, a ranitidina diminuiu o número de elevações da pata a partir da concentração de 0,25 µmol na fase II, a cimetidina não inibiu esse comportamento doloroso.CONCLUSÃO: De acordo com os resultados deste estudo,alguns antagonistas do receptor H2 apresentaram efeito analgésico local fármaco específico e não classe farmacológica específica.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Histamine receptor antagonists affect pain perception. H1 receptor antagonists present local analgesic effect, but the role of H2 receptor antagonists on pain in the peripheral nervous system is not clear yet. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of different H2 receptor antagonists on pain induced by formalin paw injection in rats.METHOD: Male rats were studied and divided into groups that received formalin and different H2 receptor antagonists - ranitidine, cimetidine and loxtidine, injected in the paw at different concentrations (0.05 mol, 0.25 mol or 1 mol). The number of flinches was evaluated during 45 minutes.RESULTS: Loxtidine inhibited the number of flinches in both phases of the test with the three different concentrations. Ranitidine decreased the number of flinches in phase II as from 0.25 mol. Cimetidine did not affectpain behavior.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study,some H2 receptor antagonists presented local analgesic effects, which seem to be drug-related and not pharmacological class-specific.
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There have been 5 case reports about immune hemolytic anemia related with cimetidine, but there has been no such report in Korea. A sixty-four-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department in a coma. She was diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 5 years ago and she achieved a complete remission after treatment. She was in a state of shock, and her blood pressure was 70/40 mmHg. The laboratory test results were consistent with hemolytic anemia (HA) as follows: hemoglobin: 1.9 g/dL, corrected reticulocyte count: 2%, total/conjugated bilirubin: 6.4/2.1 mg/dL, lactate dehydrogenase: 1,083 U/L and haptoglobin <10 mg/dL. She had a history of taking the drugs including cimetidine, acetaminophen and etizolam for two days. She urgently received transfusion of 3 units of packed red blood cells and then she regained consciousness. To investigate the relation between cimetidine and HA, we subsequently performed a drug-induced immune complex test and an antibody test by using cimetidine, AB serum and phosphate-buffered saline. The results proved that cimetidine was the cause of the HA. Patient was treated with steroid, and the following laboratory tests showed rapid improvement. This is the first case report from Korea that shows the causal relationship between cimetidine and immune HA.
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Female , Humans , Acetaminophen , Anemia, Hemolytic , Antigen-Antibody Complex , Blood Pressure , Cimetidine , Coma , Consciousness , Diazepam , Emergencies , Erythrocytes , Haptoglobins , Korea , Lactic Acid , Lymphoma, B-Cell , Reticulocytes , ShockABSTRACT
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a possível atividade gastroprotetora do extrato de raspa de juá (Ziziphus joazeiro) em relação ao estresse, ao uso de indometacina e etanol; verificar a acidez (pH) gástrica por meio da ligadura pilórica (resíduo gástrico puro e com adição de água) e comparar as diferenças dos valores do pH em ambos os modelos. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 120 ratos (cinco em cada grupo), da espécie Rattus norvegicus albinus, com peso de 150 a 230 g, divididos em 24 grupos distintos, os quais receberam os seguintes tratamentos: extrato de raspa de juá: 250, 500, 1000 e 2000 mg/kg, etanol 0,5 mL; cimetidina (60 mg/kg); indometacina (20 mg/kg); água (1 mL); ligadura de piloro (água; cimetidina e extrato de raspa de juá). Os dados foram analisados pelo programa Grand Pad Prism 5 com aplicação de testes estatísticos. RESULTADOS: O extrato de raspa de juá nas doses de 250, 1000 e 2000 mg/kg sugeriu proteção gástrica no estresse. No modelo de indução de úlcera gástrica por etanol, as doses de 250 e 2000 mg/kg apresentaram proteção gástrica. No grupo do extrato de raspa de juá e indometacina as doses de 250, 1000 e 2000 mg/kg também sugeriram proteção gástrica. Em relação ao valor de pH, o resíduo gástrico, quando verificado puro, é mais ácido que pelo modelo da adição da água, significando que este modelo aumenta o pH, comprovando assim que o modelo do resíduo gástrico puro é mais indicado. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados obtidos no presente estudo mostraram que o extrato de raspa de juá apresentou provável proteção gástrica em determinadas doses.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the possible gastroprotective activity of the extract of scrapings juá (Ziziphus joazeiro) by stress, indomethacin and ethanol; check the acidity (pH) through the gastric pylorus ligation (gastric residue pure and with added water) and compare differences in pH values in both models. METHOD: A total of 120 rats (5 in each group), Rattus norvegicus albinus, weighing 150-230 g were divided into 24 distinct groups, which received the following treatments: extract scrapings juá (250, 500 mg, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg), ethanol (0.5 mL), cimetidine (60 mg/kg), indomethacin (20 mg/kg), water (1 mL); ligation of pylorus (water, cimetidine and extract scrapings juá). The data were analyzed by Grand Pad Prism 5 with application of statistical tests. RESULTS: The extract of scrapings juá at doses 250, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg suggested gastric protection in stress. In the model of gastric ulcer induced by ethanol, the dosages of 250 and 2000 mg/kg showed gastric protection. In the group of extract scrapings juá and indomethacin dosages of 250, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg also suggested gastric protection. Regarding the pH, the gastric residue, occurred when pure, is more acidic than the model of the addition of water, meaning that this model increases the pH, thus proving that the model of pure gastric residue is indicated. CONCLUSION: The data obtained in this study show that the extract of scrapings has juá likely gastric protection in certain doses.